As @Sebastien_Jourdain mentioned, there are lots of ways that people have been using jupyter with vtk; I can speak to the last one he mentioned.
Panel is a neat project that already has some nice features of vtk exposed. I have been working on improving Panel’s communication between VTK and vtk.js (which is how server-side VTK data gets rendered on the client side). This work will hopefully be completed soon after VTK’s next release (within the next month or so).