OpenGL 4.6 is definitely sufficient for VTK 9.1. To eliminate Qt as a possible source of the segfault, can you try a non-Qt VTK example like the cylinder example?
You can also call renderWindow.ReportCapabilities()
after the first Render to get more information about the VTK<->OpenGL connection (assuming that the Render() doesn’t cause a segfault).
# Render and interact
renderWindow.Render()
print(renderWindow.ReportCapabilities())
# The Start() is only for non-Qt apps
renderWindowInteractor.Start()